Tiny device mimics human vision and memory abilities

Tiny device mimics human vision and memory abilities

Researchers have created a small device that ‘sees’ and creates memories in a similar way to humans, in a promising step towards one day having applications that can make rapid, complex decisions such as in self-driving cars.

The neuromorphic invention is a single chip enabled by a sensing element, doped indium oxide, that is thousands of times thinner than a human hair and requires no external parts to operate.

RMIT University engineers led the work, with contributions from researchers at Deakin University and the University of Melbourne.

The team’s research demonstrates a working device that captures, processes and stores visual information. With precise engineering of the doped indium oxide, the device mimics a human eye’s ability to capture light, pre-packages and transmits information like an optical nerve, and stores and classifies it in a memory system like the way our brains can.

Collectively, these functions could enable ultra-fast decision making, the team says.

Professor Sumeet Walia (left) and PhD researcher Aishani Mazumder with a demonstration (using visible light) of the team's experiment that used ultraviolet light. Credit: RMIT University Professor Sumeet Walia (left) and PhD researcher Aishani Mazumder with a demonstration (using visible light) of the team's experiment that used ultraviolet light. Credit: RMIT University

Team leader Professor Sumeet Walia said the new device can perform all necessary functions – sensing, creating and processing information, and retaining memories – rather than rely on external energy-intensive computation, which prevents real-time decision making.

“Performing all of these functions on one small device had proven to be a big challenge until now,” said Walia from the School of Engineering.

“We’ve made real-time decision making a possibility with our invention, because it doesn’t need to process large amounts of irrelevant data and it’s not being slowed down by data transfer to separate processors.” 

The neuromorphic vision chip (left) in a demonstration (in visible light) of the team's experiment, which used ultraviolet light. Credit: RMIT University The neuromorphic vision chip (left) in a demonstration (in visible light) of the team's experiment, which used ultraviolet light. Credit: RMIT University

What did the team achieve and how does the technology work?

The new device was able to demonstrate an ability to retain information for longer periods of time, compared to previously reported devices, without the need for frequent electrical signals to refresh the memory. This ability significantly reduces energy consumption and enhances the device’s performance.

Their findings and analysis are published in Advanced Functional Materials.

First author and RMIT PhD researcher Aishani Mazumder said the human brain used analog processing, which allowed it to process information quickly and efficiently using minimal energy.

“By contrast, digital processing is energy and carbon intensive, and inhibits rapid information gathering and processing,” she said.

“Neuromorphic vision systems are designed to use similar analog processing to the human brain, which can greatly reduce the amount of energy needed to perform complex visual tasks compared with today’s technologies.”

Neuromorphic vision technology could one day enable a self-driving car that can see and recognise objects on the road in the same way that a human driver can. Credit: Adobe Stock Neuromorphic vision technology could one day enable a self-driving car that can see and recognise objects on the road in the same way that a human driver can. Credit: Adobe Stock

What are the potential applications?

The team used ultraviolet light as part of their experiments, and are working to expand this technology even further for visible and infrared light – with many possible applications such as bionic vision, autonomous operations in dangerous environments, shelf-life assessments of food and advanced forensics.

“Imagine a self-driving car that can see and recognise objects on the road in the same way that a human driver can or being able to able to rapidly detect and track space junk. This would be possible with neuromorphic vision technology.”

Walia said neuromorphic systems could adapt to new situations over time, becoming more efficient with more experience.

“Traditional computer vision systems – which cannot be miniaturised like neuromorphic technology – are typically programmed with specific rules and can't adapt as easily,” he said.

“Neuromorphic robots have the potential to run autonomously for long periods, in dangerous situations where workers are exposed to possible cave-ins, explosions and toxic air.”

The human eye has a single retina that captures an entire image, which is then processed by the brain to identify objects, colours and other visual features.

The team’s device mimicked the retina’s capabilities by using single-element image sensors that capture, store and process visual information on one platform, Walia said.

“The human eye is exceptionally adept at responding to changes in the surrounding environment in a faster and much more efficient way than cameras and computers currently can,” he said.

“Taking inspiration from the eye, we have been working for several years on creating a camera that possesses similar abilities, through the process of neuromorphic engineering.”

Professor Sumeet Walia in his lab at RMIT University. Credit: RMIT University Professor Sumeet Walia in his lab at RMIT University. Credit: RMIT University

Support for the research

The team used the Micro Nano Research Facility and the Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility at RMIT.

The work was also supported by the Australian Research Council and the National Computational Infrastructure.

The team’s research, ‘Long duration persistent photocurrent in 3 nm thin doped indium oxide for integrated light sensing and in-sensor neuromorphic computation’, is published in Advanced Functional Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202303641).


Story: Will Wright

15 June 2023

Share

Return to RMIT News
15 June 2023

Share

  • Advanced Materials
  • Industry
  • Research
  • Engineering
  • Nano & Microtechnology
  • Science and technology
Engage

Related News

news-tough-flexible-self-powered-sensor-1220px.jpg

‘Incredibly resilient’ nylon device creates electricity under tonnes of pressure

RMIT University researchers have developed a flexible nylon-film device that generates electricity from compression and keeps working even after being run over by a car multiple times, opening the door to self-powered sensors on our roads and other electronic devices.

Saltbush06.jpeg

Indigenous plant could have handy health benefits

New research suggests an Australian desert plant could help food manufacturers improve protein quality and reduce reliance on added salt in staple foods.

nicu-thumbnail.jpg

European research lays the groundwork for future stem cell clinical trials

RMIT has contributed to an international consortium exploring how human mesenchymal stem cells could help to repair brain injury in children born preterm.

news-powerline-early-fault-detectors-1220px.jpg

Aussie bushfire prevention tech goes global

A powerline fault detection system invented at RMIT is being rolled out globally thanks to AUD $50 million in new funding.

Show more
aboriginal flag float-start torres strait flag float-start

Acknowledgement of Country

RMIT University acknowledges the people of the Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung language groups of the eastern Kulin Nation on whose unceded lands we conduct the business of the University. RMIT University respectfully acknowledges their Ancestors and Elders, past and present. RMIT also acknowledges the Traditional Custodians and their Ancestors of the lands and waters across Australia where we conduct our business - Artwork 'Sentient' by Hollie Johnson, Gunaikurnai and Monero Ngarigo.

More information