Report reveals grim reality for Australia’s migrant meat workers

Report reveals grim reality for Australia’s migrant meat workers

A new RMIT University report launched by the ACTU gives voice to the experiences of Pacific Island workers in Australia’s meat industry who say they feel trapped and exploited.

The report launched today – Meat the reality: unpacking the exploitation of PALM scheme workers in Australia’s meat industry – calls for further improvements to address worker exploitation in the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme, beyond changes made in 2024. 

The Australian Government scheme provides foreign workers temporary visas to work in meatworks and other industries with labour shortages.  

As well as providing a detailed legal critique and recommendations for reform, the report reveals personal experiences of five PALM scheme workers who each took photographs to represent their daily lives. The researchers used these photographs as prompts for in-depth discussions with the participants. 

Report co-author Professor Shelley Marshall.Report co-author Professor Shelley Marshall.

Professor Shelley Marshall from RMIT’s Business and Human Rights Centre (BHRIGHT) said the photographs and interviews revolved around themes of darkness, injustice and feelings of being trapped.  

“The participants in our study were sent to isolated rural towns, far from familiar faces, and placed in shared housing with strangers,” she said.   

“The photos hauntingly depict how they rarely see daylight due to physically demanding shifts, which are often extended with overtime, leading to an oppressive sense that their lives are consumed entirely by work.” 

Study participant Mafu’s daily view as he leaves and returns home in endless darkness.Study participant Mafu’s daily view as he leaves and returns home in endless darkness.

“At work, these workers are often burdened with lifting heavier meat – a demand fuelled by racial stereotypes about their strength – yet earn less than colleagues on other visa schemes," Marshall said. 

"Outside work, they are stripped of the full tenancy rights enjoyed by most Australians and are forced to endure high rents that are automatically deducted from their wages."

RMIT study co-author Ema Moolchand said these challenges were compounded by a visa condition requiring the employer’s permission for a worker to quit and seek work elsewhere.   

“Dependence on employers – even if they are clearly bad bosses – remains a key source of feelings of being trapped and unable to do anything about poor conditions, especially when workers face racial stereotypes or restricted freedom that further limit their ability to act,” Moolchand said. 

Study participant Enele photographed towering pallets and lower drums as a visual metaphor for perceived ethnic–based pay inequality.Study participant Enele photographed towering pallets and lower drums as a visual metaphor for perceived ethnic–based pay inequality.

The researchers are calling for more to be done to improve conditions for PALM workers, with those in the study saying they’d seen little improvement following changes made by the Government in 2024. 

The report found while an attaché from each country had been appointed to support and represent workers, those surveyed had not met them and did not know who they were. Participants also alleged illegal deductions were widespread. 

“As the first empirical study since important changes to the PALM scheme, this report highlights the need for a completely new approach to the scheme that genuinely prioritises worker voices and ensures fair, safe and dignified working conditions,” Moolchand said.  

Report co-author and PhD candidate Ema Moolchand.Report co-author and PhD candidate Ema Moolchand.

Launching the report, Australian Council of Trade Unions President Michele O’Neil said the findings align with the experience of unions that represent PALM workers, showing these challenges to be systemic problems rather than isolated incidents. 

“This report adds a human voice to what we already know are significant and ongoing issues with a scheme that ties PALM workers to their employer; the lack of mobility for workers to change employers poses a clear modern slavery risk.” 

"Among the changes we are calling for, mobility for these workers is paramount, as it would mean they can move to another approved employer if they need to leave a bad boss, unsafe conditions or harassment," O’Neil said. 

"This would mean employers could no longer treat PALM workers as bonded labourers." 

O’Neil also said a better scheme would ban employers who do the wrong thing. 

Marshall said the photovoice methodology used to share stories of the five participants in the study did not claim to be a representative survey sample for all PALM scheme workers. 

“This methodology is one that’s useful to help us understand the experiences of people who live in a very different situation from our own in detail. It is more a deep dive than a representative sample, that aids more comprehensive legal analysis,” Marshall said. 

“It’s important when discussing the well-documented issues with this scheme that voices and experiences of those living it are part of that debate.”

The study was led by Ema Moolchand as part of her PhD, co-supervised by Dr Matt Withers at the Australian National University and Professor Shelley Marshall at RMIT.  

 

Story: Michael Quin

11 February 2025

Share

Return to RMIT News
11 February 2025

Share

  • Research
  • Society
  • Sustainability
Engage

Related News

RMIT SIM Graduation 2026

Internationally renowned business leader Mike Wiluan receives RMIT honorary doctorate

RMIT University has awarded highly regarded business leader, creative entrepreneur and industry innovator Mike Wiluan with an Honorary Doctorate in Business honoris causa.

Students walking through lush green landscape.

Aotearoa Justice Tour: Students gain insight into innovative justice systems

A group of RMIT law students and staff recently returned from a life-changing study tour to New Zealand, gaining first-hand insights into innovative and community-led justice systems.

rmit-kenya-ports-image2-1220x.jpg

RMIT strengthens collaboration with Kenya Ports Authority

RMIT University has strengthened its partnership with the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) through the signing of a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), marking a milestone in ongoing collaboration between the two institutions.

2025 Best of Business and Law Awards (BoBLA)

RMIT celebrates outstanding student achievement at Best of Business and Law Awards

RMIT University has recognised its highest‑achieving students at the 2025 Best of Business and Law Awards (BoBLA), celebrating excellence across the College of Business and Law.

Show more
aboriginal flag float-starttorres strait flag float-start

Acknowledgement of Country

RMIT University acknowledges the people of the Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung language groups of the eastern Kulin Nation on whose unceded lands we conduct the business of the University. RMIT University respectfully acknowledges their Ancestors and Elders, past and present. RMIT also acknowledges the Traditional Custodians and their Ancestors of the lands and waters across Australia where we conduct our business - Artwork 'Sentient' by Hollie Johnson, Gunaikurnai and Monero Ngarigo.

More information